Can Neuropathy Be Reversed? What Actually Helps Nerves Heal?

Neuropathy doesn’t always mean permanent nerve damage. Depending on the cause, severity, and how long the nerves have been affected, some people may regain sensation or function while others may be able to prevent further damage. Understanding what injured the nerves in the first place is the key to knowing what recovery might look like.

Can Neuropathy Be Reversed?

If your feet have been numb, burning, tingling, or painful for months, or even years, one of the first questions you may have is: Can my nerves actually heal?

Neuropathy can be a frightening experience. Burning, tingling, numbness, stabbing pains, and weakness can all feel like permanent nerve damage has taken place. Luckily, nerves do have the ability to recover, but it largely depends on the cause and severity of the damage. Reversing neuropathy can mean many different things, from stopping the progression to regaining sensation and stopping the pain. I wrote this article to explain what influences nerve recovery and what realistic improvement looks like.

The Question Most People Really Want Answered

This question is often more important to patients than determining the cause of the neuropathy itself. And that is totally understandable. No one wants to live with this kind of thing forever. But there is no simple answer to this. Some neuropathies improve substantially, some stabilize, and some leave lasting damage. An exact prognosis is virtually impossible, but in general, it depends on what initially caused the injury to the nerve. And the timeline matters because we want to know how long the nerve has been undergoing this damage. The longer, more severe a nerve has been damaged, the longer it will take to recover. And if it is too severe, recovery can be impossible. But, what exactly does nerve recovery mean?

What Does “Reversing Neuropathy” Actually Mean?

People often use reversal to mean complete disappearance of symptoms. Clinically, improvement needs to happen on many different levels. There is a difference between symptom relief, functional improvement, and actual nerve recovery. Let's start by describing the different levels of recovery and what they mean.

The first level of recovery is stopping the progression of nerve damage. It isn't always a satisfying outcome, but it is indeed a huge success when it comes to progressive neuropathy. Sometimes, this can be achieved simply by controlling blood glucose levels, or by discontinuing a medication that was causing the neuropathy.

And then there is symptom relief. This would simply mean that the pain, burning, or numbness is relieved. However, this does not always mean that the nerve itself is in the process of repair and is structurally regenerating. Symptom control is a major improvement in quality of life, and improves sleep, stress, mobility, and quality of life.

Functional improvement typically achieves symptomatic improvement, but by definition, it means that the nerves themselves are healing at the cellular level. Sometimes nerves are repaired functionally, but there can still be some numbness. This can be explained by how nerves actually heal in terms of functional biology.

Can Damaged Peripheral Nerves Heal?

Peripheral nerves are different from the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). It is well known that the nerves along the central nervous system can not heal without cutting edge surgical intervention. However, peripheral nerves do retain the capacity for regeneration. Damaged axons can regrow under favorable conditions. This process is slow, and greatly depends on the cause of the damage.

Mild nerve irritation or demyelination may recover more readily than severe axonal loss. If the underlying nerve cell remains intact, recovery is more possible. In other words, severe or longstanding injury may not recover fully.

Nerves heal in a different way, and on a different timeline than other tissues of the body. Measurable improvement may take months, which is why it is important to us that we administer the sensory exam every 10 visits. Patients may notice functional or sensory changes gradually rather than all at once. This makes it difficult to notice if there have been any improvements during treatment. We rely on the sensory exams to track this progress for us.

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